What type of radiation does a linear accelerator (LINAC) emit?

A linear accelerator (LINAC) is primarily designed to produce high-energy X-rays for medical applications, particularly in radiation therapy for cancer treatment. The LINAC accelerates charged particles, such as electrons, and then allows these electrons to interact with a target, typically made of metal, which produces high-energy X-rays.

These high-energy X-rays are effective in attacking and destroying cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues because of their ability to penetrate deep into the body. This capability to deliver precise doses of radiation makes LINACs a cornerstone in modern radiation therapy.

In contrast, alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays have different origins and characteristics that do not apply to the operation of a LINAC. Alpha particles are heavy and have a limited range, beta particles are lighter and also have specific applications typically outside the scope of LINAC use, and gamma rays, while they can be produced from certain isotopes or radioactive decay, are not the primary radiation emitted by a LINAC.