What is the term for the biological effects caused by radiation exposure?

The term that accurately describes the biological effects caused by radiation exposure is radiobiological effects. This term encompasses the various impacts that ionizing radiation can have on living tissues, including cellular damage, alterations in cellular function, and potential mutations that can lead to cancer or other health issues. Understanding radiobiological effects is crucial in assessing the risks associated with radiation exposure, particularly in medical imaging and therapeutic procedures.

Radiation toxicology relates more specifically to the study of the harmful effects of radiation on biological systems, while radiation pathology focuses on the diagnostic aspects of disease caused by radiation exposure. Radioactive effects might refer to the emissions or decay processes associated with radioactive materials rather than their biological consequences. Thus, "radiobiological effects" specifically captures the essence of how radiation influences biological systems, making it the most precise term among the choices.