What is one of the major risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiation?

Exposure to ionizing radiation poses significant health risks, and one of the major concerns is the potential for genetic mutations and cancer development. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, resulting in the formation of ions. This process can damage DNA within cells, leading to mutations. If these mutations occur in genes responsible for regulating cell growth and division, they may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, resulting in cancer.

Furthermore, some mutations can be passed on to future generations if they occur in germline cells, thereby influencing genetic traits and susceptibility to various diseases. This connection between ionizing radiation exposure and an increased risk of cancer underscores why monitoring and managing exposure is critical in radiation safety practices.

The other options refer to effects that are not associated with ionizing radiation exposure. Nutrient absorption and immunity enhancement are unrelated processes, and improved cellular repair functions do not result directly from exposure to ionizing radiation. In fact, significant exposure can hinder cellular repair mechanisms rather than enhance them, further emphasizing the risks associated with such exposures.